Peptides are short chains of amino acids, typically containing 2-50 amino acids. They are essentially mini-proteins with a range of biological functions and tasks within the body. Some key things to know about peptides:
What exactly are peptides?
- Peptides are chains of amino acids linked together via peptide bonds. Amino acids are the building blocks of all proteins.
- Peptides are essentially small pieces or fragments of proteins. So they are similar, but peptides are much shorter in length.
- Common examples of naturally occurring peptides include insulin and oxytocin.
What do peptides do?
- Peptides have many different roles, such as:
- Hormones like insulin which regulates blood sugar
- Signaling molecules between cells
- Neurotransmitters that facilitate nerve impulses
- Immune system components that target foreign invaders
- Antimicrobial agents that destroy or inhibit bacteria
- Many peptides also have pharmaceutical uses and are made into medicines.
How are peptides different from proteins?
- As mentioned, the key difference is size.
- Proteins are made up of over 50 amino acids.
- Peptides contain only 2-50 amino acids.
- This smaller size allows peptides to have very specific interactions and effects in the body.
Are peptides safe?
- Most naturally occurring peptides present in the body serve important roles and are safe at physiological levels.
- However, artificially introducing peptides at higher than normal levels can potentially have side effects. That's why it's important to carefully study any supplemental or pharmaceutical peptides before widespread usage. Proper dosing is key here.
This covers the basics around what peptides are, what they do, and how they differ from proteins. Let me know if you have any other peptide questions!