What is chronic illness?
A chronic illness is a medical condition that persists over a long period of time, often for the rest of a person's life. Some key features of chronic illnesses:
- Long-lasting - Chronic illnesses are ongoing and long-term conditions, rather than acute short-term illnesses. They typically last for years or decades.
- Not contagious - In most cases, chronic conditions are not infectious or contagious. Exceptions include some chronic viral infections.
- Often incurable - Many chronic diseases currently have no cure, though treatments can help manage symptoms. Some examples include diabetes, arthritis, asthma.
- Relapsing and recurring - Chronic illnesses tend to relapse and have flare-ups, with periods of improved health in between. Symptoms come and go over time.
- Cause functional limitations - Chronic conditions can negatively impact quality of life by causing pain, fatigue, disability. They limit ability to carry out daily activities.
- Require ongoing medical care - Those with chronic illness need regular appointments with healthcare providers to monitor and treat their symptoms.
What causes chronic illness?
There are a variety of potential causes, including:
- Genetic conditions and congenital disorders present from birth
- Viral or bacterial infections that cannot be cured but become chronic
- Environmental toxins and exposures
- Lifestyle factors like diet, inactivity, smoking
- The natural aging process and "wear and tear" on the body
Managing life with chronic illness
Coping with the physical and emotional effects of chronic disease long-term poses many challenges. Key aspects of self-care include:
- Taking medications as prescribed
- Getting enough sleep and nutrition
- Finding supportive health providers
- Connecting with others who understand firsthand
- Making appropriate lifestyle modifications
- Prioritizing emotional health through counseling or peer support groups
- Setting reasonable goals and expectations for oneself